Know the rules pertaining to Gender - लिंग (Ling) in Hindi

Know the rules pertaining to Gender - लिंग (Ling) in Hindi

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In this post, we shall learn the rules to change the gender in Hindi language.

All nouns in Hindi are divided into one of two grammatical types, called genders. These genders are masculine- पुल्लिंग and feminine- स्त्री लिंग. Nouns often modify other words in the sentence according to their gender.

All male living beings are masculine. All female living beings are feminine. In the case of names of inanimate things and abstract, collective and material nouns, gender is determined mainly by usage.

Masculine gender- पुल्लिंग

Feminine gender- स्त्री लिंग

        

ladka (लड़का) boy	ladki (लड़की) girl
aadmi (आदमी) man	aurat (औरत) woman
pita (पिता) father	mata (माता ) mother
beta (बेटा) son	beti (बेटी) daughter
bachcha (बच्चा) boy baby	bachchi (बच्ची) girl baby
bhai (भाई) brother	bahan (बहन) sister
adhyapak (अध्यापक) male teacher	adhyapika (अध्यापिका) female teacher
raja (राजा) king	rani (रानी) queen
pota (पोता) grand- son	poti (पोती) grand- daughter
dada (दादा) paternal grandfather	dadi (दादी) paternal grandmother
nana (नाना ) maternal grandfather	nani (नानी ) maternal grandmother
hathi (हाथी) male elephant	hathini (हथिनी) female elephant
sher(शेर) lion	sherni (शेरनी ) lioness
nar maina (नर मैना) male maina	mada maina (मादा मैना) female maina
nar kaua (नर कौआ) male crow	mada kaua (मादा कौआ) female crow

 

Rules for masculine gender – पुल्लिंग :-

1) All nouns ending in आ (aa), except those originated from Sanskrit will be masculine. e.gs.-cloth- कपड़ा (kapada), shoe- जूता (juta),umbrella- छाता (chata), money – पैसा (paisa), and so on.

Exception- Words ending in इया (iya) are feminine. e.gs- लुटिया (lutiya), case/box-डिबिया(dibiya), etc

2)      The names of metals, planets, stars, trees, mountains, precious stones, months, days, oceans, countries, cities, places and grains are masculine.

Exception:-silver- चाँदी (chandi), Earth- पृथ्वी (prithvi), tamarind- इमली (imali), Delhi- दिल्ली (dilli), green gram- मूँग (moong), red gram- अरहर (arhar), etc.

3) Almost all the liquids are masculine.

Exception:- लस्सी (lassi), छाछ (chacha)

4)      Nouns originated from verbs are masculine. e.gs.- walk-चलना (chalna), play-खेलना (khelna), run-दौड़ना (daudna), etc.

5)      Almost all nouns ending with अ (a) are masculine. e.gs.- house- घर (ghar), water- जल (jal), tree- पेड़ (ped), earth/land- थल (thal), moment-पल(pal), wealth- धन (dhan)

Exception:-night- रात (raat), evening- शाम (shaam), matter- बात(baat), etc.

6)      Nouns originated from Urdu, ending in आब (aab), आन (aan), आल (aal), and आर (aar) are masculine.

e.gs.-rose- गुलाब (gulab), answer- जवाब (jawab), account/calculation-हिसाब (hisaab), a type grilled meat dish- कबाब (kabab), house/residence-मकान (makaan), market-बाज़ार (bazaar), question-सवाल (sawaal), and so on.

Exception:-book- किताब (kitaab),liquor/alcoholic drink- शराब (sharaab),shop- दुकान (dukaan), government/state-सरकार (sarkar),etc.

7)      Words originated from Sanskrit and ending in ता (ta), त्र (tra), आस (aas), आप (aap), आर (aar), and  न (na) are masculine.

e.gs.- song-गीत (geet), friend-मित्र (mitr), heat-ताप (taap), degeneration- विकार (vikar), promise-वचन (vachan), etc.

More Examples 👇

            

            

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