Types of Noun (संज्ञा)

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Understanding nouns is the perfect way to learn the Hindi language. especially if you're a school student, this post will help you get a good grasp of the nouns. We have mainly concentrated on the types of nouns in Hindi here. We have tried to include the list of nouns under separate posts where you can learn the list of nouns that we use in daily life and you can learn them to use as a beginner. But this post is meant for intermediate learners.

Noun – संज्ञा (Sanjna)

Noun is a word or words that refers to the name of a person, animal, place, quality, mood or thing.

egs.:-

राम (Ram), लड़का (boy), गुलाब (rose), घर (house), लंडन (London) हिमालय (Himalayas), हॅसी (laughter), दया (compassion), etc.

Generally there are three types of nouns in Hindi. They are:

1)      Proper Noun - व्यक्तिवाचक संज्ञा (vyaktivachak sanjna)

2)      Common Noun – जातिवाचक संज्ञा (jativachak sanjna)

3)      Abstract Noun – भाववाचक संज्ञा (bhavvachak sanjna)

1)      Proper Noun - व्यक्तिवाचक संज्ञा (vyaktivachak sanjna)

A proper noun is a specific name of a place, a person, or a thing.

जन्वरी (January), मेरी (Mary), बिल (Bill), मिस्टर. ब्राउन (Mr. Brown), आमज़ॉन (Amazon), नाइकी (Nike), थे न्यू यॉर्क टाइम्स (The New York Times), वॉर आंड पीस (War and Peace), ड्र. वाइट (Dr. White)

She comes from Russia.	वह रूस से है	Vah ruus se hai
The Nile is the longest river	नील नदी सबसे लंबी नदी है	Neel nadi sabse lambi nadi hai
Jack will go shopping tomorrow	जैक कल खरीदारी के लिए जाएगा	Jack kal kharidari ke liye jayega
Mr. Bill is a good teacher.	श्री बिल एक अच्छे अध्यापक है	Sree Bill ek achche adhyapak hai
Hurricane Andrew did great damage in Miami.	तूफान एंड्रयू मियामी में बहुत नुकसान किया है	Toofan Andrew Miami mein bahut nuksaan kiya hai
When Michelle Obama came to New York City she went to Starbucks.	जब मिशेल ओबामा न्यू यॉर्क शहर आई, वह स्टारबक्क्स गयी थी	Jab Michelle Obama New York shahar aayi, vah Starbucks gayi thi

2) Common Noun – जातिवाचक संज्ञा (jativachak sanjna)

A common noun is a noun that refers to a common name of a person, thing or a place.

Such as:-

कुत्ता (dog), घर (house), तस्वीर (picture), कंप्यूटर (computer)

Examples:

The baby is crying.	बच्ची रो रही है	Bachchi ro rahi hai
The red book is on the table.	लाल किताब मेज पर है	Lal kitaab mej par hai
The black dog is in my yard.	काला कुत्ता मेरे आंगन  में है	Kaala kutta mere angan mein hai
The computers are new.	कंप्यूटर नए हैं	Computer naye hai
Child comes.	बालक आते हैं	Balak aate hai.
Birds comes	चिड़ियाँ आती हैं	chidiyam aati hai
There are five chairs in the room.	कमरे में पाँच कुर्सियाँ हैं	Kamre mein paanch kursiyam hai
He took his children to the zoo	वह अपने बच्चों को चिड़िया घर ले गया	Vah apne bacchom ko chidiya ghar le gaya
How many stories is that house?	कितने मंज़िलों  का है वह घर?	kitane manjilon  ka hai vah ghar?
I'd rather live in the city	मैं बल्कि शहर में रहना चाहता हूँ	Mein balki shahar mein rahana chahata hoon
We arrived early at the station.	हम स्टेशन पर जल्दी आ गये	Hum station par jaldi aa gaye
The woman in the restaurant lives in the city	भोजनालय में जो औरत है, वह शहर मैं रहती है	Bhojanalay mein jo aurat hai, vah shahar main rahati hai
Hand me that radio so I can hear the song better	मेरे हाथ मैं वो रेडियो दो, ताकि मैं गाना अच्छी तरह सुनू	Mere hath main vo radio do, taki main gana achchi tarah suno
Children are innocent	बच्चे मासूम है	Bachche masoom hai

3)  Abstract Noun – भाववाचक संज्ञा (bhavvachak sanjna)

Abstract noun is something that can't be sensed by our five senses (smell, touch, hear, see or taste). They usually represent feeling, ideas and qualities. They can be countable or uncountable.

प्यार (love), घृणा (hate), हिंसा (violence), संस्कृति (culture), स्वाद (taste)

Abstract noun can be formed from:

a)      the name of a quality – गुण (Gun)

egs:-अच्छाई (goodness), सफेदी (whiteness), इमान्दारी (honesty), बहादुरी (bravery), etc

b)     action - कर्म (karm)

egs:-प्रसन्नता (pleasure), फैसला(judgement), खेल(play), लड़ाई (fight)

c)      state – अवस्था (avastha)

egs:- बचपन (childhood), गरीबी (poverty), युवावस्था (youth), ठंड (cold)

              I.      Collective Noun – समुदायावाचक संज्ञा (Samudaayavachak sanjna)

Collective nouns are nouns that refer to things or people as a unit.

Examples: परिवार (family), पुलिस (police), कक्षा (class), झुण्ड (team), etc.

           II.      Material Noun- द्राव्यवाचक संज्ञा (Dravyavachak sanjna)

Nouns that refer to the names of a liquid or matter are classified under this category.

egs:- सोना (gold), लोहा (iron), पानी (water)

Usages:

His anger knows no limits.	उसके गुस्से का कोई सीमा नहीं है	uske gusse ka koi seema nahin hai
That crowd went wild.	वह भीड़ जंगली हो गया	Vah bheed janglee ho gaya
India has an interesting culture	भारत की संस्कृति दिलचस्प है	Bharat ki sanskriti dilchasp hai
Do you give charity?	क्या तुम दान देते हो?	Kya tum daan dete ho?
He takes a lot of pride in his work.	वह अपने काम पे बहुत गर्व करता है	Vah apne kaam pe bahut garv karta hai
A flock of birds	पक्षियों का झुंड	pakshiyon ka jund
My family is important to me.	मेरा परिवार मेरे लिए महत्वपूर्ण है	Mera parivaar mere liye mahetvapoorn hai
You shouldn't judge him on one achievement /failure / progress /success.	तुम उसे एक उपलब्दि/ असफलता/प्रगती/सफलता पर मत जजना	Tum use ek upalabdi/ asaphalta/ pragati/saphalta par math jajana

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