Rule And Examples of (आज्ञा सूचक वाक्य) or Imperatives

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You would've learned about imperatives and imperative sentences in English or another language.

An imperative is a verb that expresses a command or a request. This is derived from the stem of the Verb. Imperatives are used to give a direct order, to give instructions, to make an invitation, to give friendly informal advice, or are used on signs or notices.

आज्ञासूचक वाक्य (Imperative Sentences) वो होते हैं जिनकी मदद से हम या तो किसी को कोई आदेश  देते हैं, सलाह देते हैं या फिर किसी से कोई अनुरोध करते हैं। अगर मैं आपसे कहूँ  कि “मुझे पैन दो”, तो या तो मैं आपको आदेश  दे रहा हूँ। या फिर ऐसा भी हो सकता है कि मैं आपसे अनुरोध या विनती कर रहा हूँ। ये सब इस बात पर निर्भर करता है कि मेरे बोलने का तरीका कैसा है।

            

Each Hindi verb has two commonly used imperative or command forms  - the common form and the polite form.

The general rules are:

• आओ(aao), जाओ(jaao), करो(karo), etc are used in addressing equals or inferiors.
• आइये(Aayiye), बैठिए (baithiye), कीजिए (keejiye),etc are used in addressing elders and persons whom we respect.
• All the respectful forms presuppose the use of आप or some similar title of respect.
• For the negative imperative, मत (math) is used. With the respectful forms,न (na) is the correct word, though मत is occasionally found.
• The Infinitive is also used as a gentle Imperative.

 

जाना	जाओ	जाइये
आना	आओ	आइये
ख़रीदना	ख़रीदो	ख़रीिदये
देखना	देखो	देिखये
सुनना	सुनो	सुिनये

Only second person subject pronouns तू, तुम, and आप can have imperative forms.

Examples:

Stop!	ठहरो	Thaharo
You go	तू जा	Tu jaa
You study	तू पढ़	Tu padh
You also come	तू भी चल	Tu bhi chal
Come here!	यहाँ आओ	Yahan aao
Don't go there!	वहाँ मत जाओ	Vahan math jaao
You don't take this pen.	तुम यह कलम मत लेना	Tum yeh kalam math lena
Hurry up!	जल्दी करो	Jaldi karo
Don't touch	छूना मत	Chuna math
You go there	तुम वहाँ जाओ	Tum vahan jaao
Stand up straight.	सीधे खड़े हो जाओ	Seedhe khade ho jaao
Bring a cup of milk.	एक प्याला दूध लाओ	Ek pyala doodh laao
Come in and sit down.	अंदर आओ और बैठ जाओ अंदर आइए और बैठ जाइए	Andhar aao aur bait jaao Andhar aayiye aur bait jaayiye
Please come.	(आप) आइये	(Aap) Aayiye
Please sit here	यहाँ बैठिए	Yahan baithiye
Please do this work.	यह काम कीजिए	Yeh kaam keejiye
Please don't do this work	आप यह काम न/मत कीजिए	Aap yeh kaam na/math keejiye
Please do not sell this watch.	आप यह घड़ी मत बेचना	Aap yeh ghadi math bechna
Speak to him.	उससे बात करो	usse baat karo.

The imperative in Hindi has a unique feature, which is called the imperative future. When a command, request or suggestion is made with the intention of its fulfillment in the future, the imperative future is used.

For आप form, additional गा is added to the imperative form.

आइए	आइएगा
देखिए	देखिएगा

Test Your Understanding:

Translate these sentences into Hindi

1. Do not talk in the library.
2. Please help me.
3.  Please do not walk with me.
4. Do not speak so loudly.
5.  Stop running!
6.  Never abuse anyone.
7. Pick the book.
8. Do not let her sleep during daytime

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